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Not a scientist nor native English speaker myself, so I’m wondering: shouldn’t that technically say „hypothesis + evidence“ instead of „theory + evidence“? Which is of course nitpicky (if I’m even correct) in the context of a tumblr post, but I’m still curious
A hypothesis is a theory, one that is being tested. It’s got the same root word in both theory and thesis!
A theory in the scientific world/literature/common understanding is significantly stronger than a hypothesis.
That is one use of the word, sure. But it can be interchangeable with hypothesis. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/theory There is nuance to this term.
But the roots of words aren’t what words mean in modern English. Otherwise, spirit would mean ‘breath’. Logic doesn’t mean “words” even though it came from logos. Besides all that, we’re on “science” memes so it doesn’t really matter what the term means outside of that world.
🎵 They’re taking Hobbit-chan to Isengard! 🎵
Biyakugon!
*intense air-slapping ensues*
Elves in LOTR have technically infinite vision because the world used to be flat and illuminated by two glowing trees that resided in Valinor. Because the world was flat, and Elves have essentially perfect vision at any distance, they could actually see things that were on the opposite side of the world.
After Morgoth (aka Melkor, aka the evil god that Sauron worships) and Ungoliant (the mother of Shelob, the spider that nearly kills Frodo) destroyed the trees then the world was made into a globe and Elves infinite vision ability, while still useful, wasn’t quite as powerful as before.
Hmm. That should allow us to estimate the size of that world. The light of the trees must not be so bright as to cook everything in the vicinity; just make it nice and balmy. But, on the opposite side of the world, there must still be enough light to see. Having the occasional photon bounce back would eventually be enough to make out a static scene, but, apparently, it’s possible to see things happening in real time, yes?
Does flat mean that we are talking about something like a simple disc here, or just that a beam of light travels parallel to the ground? The latter would imply a rather strange geometry, which I can’t wrap my mind around. It would make more sense, though, as, obviously, we couldn’t assume that light intensity diminishes with the {ETA:] square of the distance.
It was a disc and the trees were able to be interacted with face to face so I think those are inexplicable except for “they’re magic”.
There’s a wikipedia article with some depictions actually right here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Trees_of_Valinor#Creation
I have no intuition for how hot or bright these trees would be. They certainly would be very different from the sun. The sun is literally incandescent; white-hot glowing. Trees would presumably use a mechanism comparable to glow-worms to generate radiation only in a very narrow frequency band. The fair skin color of elves suggests that they do not come from a high-UV environment.
Somewhat less than half of the sun’s energy reaches us as visible light (43%). There are a few other factors that might allow the trees to glow brighter than the equatorial sun at noon. Unfortunately, the intensity per area diminishes with the square of the distance, so that doesn’t get us far (no pun intended).
It would be much better if that world was basically rectangular (with reflective sides and top); basically a terrarium. That would also explain why you would place 2 light sources at 1 end. The length of a long rectangular box would only be limited by absorption of the light. The trees should glow brighter at the top. Plants, animals and structures on the surface, near the trees, are hit with only “mild” power, while the high-intensity light near the top of the box is absorbed or scattered by the atmosphere over a long distance. I’m not sure how to work out how long such a box might be. Mainly, I don’t know what assumption to make about that high-intensity light at the top.
Anyway, we should consider that elvish anime eyes originally evolved as an adaption to low-light environments and only later became useful for seeing over long distances, because originally there possibly were no long distances.
The Trees fell during the First Age; the Downfall of Númenor and the Changing of the World happened towards the end of the Second Age, almost three thousand years later, and involved Sauron, not Morgoth, who’d been defeated and exiled from the world at the end of the First Age.
As for Legolas, he was a Sindarin elf born in the Third Age. He never saw the Trees, and had never been in Aman at the time of The Lord of the Rings.
The only named characters in The Lord of the Rings (other than ones mentioned in songs and legends) who had ever seen the trees were Galadriel, possibly Celeborn and Glorfindel, technically Gandalf and Saruman (provided the Istari count as the same people as the Maiar they were back in Aman), and, maybe, Tom Bombadil and Goldberry, but who knows, really, with those two. (I don’t think Sauron ever was in Aman, at least during or after the time of the Trees).
So no they can use sign language to talk to someone on another planet of some other star?
The light would still presumably take several years to travel.
Just how did I forget that
Well, they have the time
Now I’m thinking about a pair of elves is the worst sort of codependent relationship, but one light year apart.
They use sign language to constantly argue and make up with each other, but because of the one light year delay, they’re maybe never quite at the same place in the argument/reconciliation cycle, both of them arguing with their counterpart one year prior.
and the phone sex? just awful.
they could actually see things that were on the opposite side of the world.
But there’s mountains and slopes and all.
Yeah, you’d have to get up high at least.
I saw a comic about this once (xkcd, probably?) and going by the scene in the movie, where Legolas has human sized eyes, they deduced that Middle Earth must have an exotic atmosphere
It was a Minute Physics video. Only 2 minutes, and a great watch.
Gives any what? Sorry I can’t read that heavily obscured text.
Sounds like you need some anime eyes
From what I’ve heard there’s a serious need to be able to see past tiny censor bars in Japanese media, maybe this explains it
Can he do interferometry and just have a 3rd but normal eye?
I mean, it’s a sunny day FFS!
Legolas actually vibrates very very quickly and is therefore performing synthetic aperture Interferometry, multiplying the size of his effective optical aperture.
Also he’s transmitting and recieving imagery from other elves, using the very long baseline kept in his pants
It depends on the atmosphere. On earth, the average ‘size’ of the atmospheric distortion experienced by a photon over 15 miles would far exceed the angular resolution of any pupil-sized aperture. This is a very simple explanation which groups a number of propagation effects broadly under the term “distortion.” Even without atmospheric distortion, there is a limit to the “information” a given aperture can resolve due to purely thermal noise. In theory, if you have an aperture temperature of absolute zero, the thermal resolution is infinite, but also then there is no process by which information can be generated by an I cident photon.
No, even without an atmosphere you have to contend with the diffraction-limited resolving power through an aperture (pupil), which is related to the diameter of the aperture and the wavelength of light.
A diffraction process is, mathematically, a fourier transform. A fundamental mathematical feature of a fourier transform is what’s known as the uncertainty principle.
Side note: you’ve probably heard of the special case of an uncertainty principle encountered in quantum mechanics frequently misattributed to the head of the Nazi nuclear program (Heisenberg), but this mathematical principle was actually well known for centuries beforehand, and the misattribution is mostly because of Nazi propaganda. We see it anywhere a fourier transform is used, from optics to orbital dynamics to quantum particles. This mathematical phenomenon is frequently miscited as quantum “weirdness” even though there’s nothing quantum (or all that weird) about it.
The pupil restricts the possible positions of incoming photons. A restriction in position increases the variance of momenta (for a photon, speed never changes, but the momentum vector can still change direction). A smaller pupil is more restrictive and causes the image to be blurrier as the incoming photons from each object you are trying to resolve. If you want to be able to resolve smaller angular sizes (small objects at large distances), you need a large aperture that reduces position restrictions on incoming photons and therefore diffraction-induced blurring due to momentum uncertainties.
Look up Airy diffraction for the special case of a circular aperture (e.g. a pupil or telescope).
Orland-Legolas doesn’t need science to look cute.
I forgot that was the actor’s name and for a second thought he’d gotten married.
I don’t think Gimli has a last name. 🤔
I assume “son of Glóin” would count as a last name.
Glóinsson!
Is the unit ‘one league’ used in LOTR (esp in elvish) the same as in our universe. Just asking as nobody here is questioning the units.
Yes. The books are all carefully translated from elvish and would have accounted for unit conversions.
I thought they were written by Bilbo and Frodo in Westron and later ‘translated’ by Tolkien
Yea that’s how i remember it
I remember asking my dad how far a league was when I first read the book, and then repeatedly questioning whether that could be right in the context of the writing.
I could be entirely wrong about this but isn’t it in-universe lore that Elves don’t see the curvature of the world and that’s how they can see so far?
That would fall under “nonvisual” (meaning not light-based) perception.
✨magic✨
These are the kinds of problems I want our species solving
