Putting the ART in ARTificial gravity

This is both an artistic experiment with engineering and a social experiment, given how my usual kind of art (occult symbolism, owls, etc) may feel too complicated for many and it’s often met with indifference. Yeah, aerospace engineering is also complicated (after all, it’s literally “rocket science”), but it feels to me like this kind of subject (hard sci-fi, Star Trek, etc) is more “socially sanctioned” in Fediverse than my usual kind of subject…

Given the latest happening involving my time-lapses (which I’ve been trying to post as a proof of human authorship), this time I’m not posting it. I do have the time-lapse for this art, if anyone is interested in seeing how I drew.

Alt-text:

A schematics-like digital art entitled “Artificial gravity for space travel: schematics for torque counterbalancing inspired on real helicopters that have no tail rotors”, divided in two panels.

Both panels feature a isometric view of a faintly translucent spacecraft with a gray hull and front-facing cockpit (whose window shows 3 people inside, one of them upside-down weeee-ing in microgravity behind the other 2) very similar in shape to the NASA’s Space Shuttle (I actually thought of it as I drew), but with a pair of big ionic thrusters (emitting a strong purple glow) at the rear, as well as a pair of large rotating rings attached to the top of the hull, meant as a centrifuge for artificial gravity. The rings, rotating in opposite directions so to cancel out a torque that would otherwise inflict attitude onto the ship (as per Newton’s 3rd Law), are attached through 3 equidistant I-beams to a smaller cylinder (which doubles as a hallway from/to the rest of the ship) which, in turn, is attached to the husk, in different configurations across the panels.

The first panel, “option A: vertically stacked opposing wheels”, is self-descriptive: the rings are on top of each other, rotating in opposite directions in the same axis, much akin to coaxial-rotor helicopters (e.g. Sikorsky S-69).

The second, “option B: paired opposing wheels”, features a configuration akin to transverse-rotor helicopters (e.g. Landgraf H-2), but with a wingspan slightly angled backwards. Each ring is attached to opposite wings.

At the bottom, there’s a label box, describing the meaning of each arrow overlaying both diagrams: cyan arrows represent both the thrust for the ship and rotation for the rings, while blue arrows indicate the gravitational force from the centrifugal motion. A third overlay, painted in magenta, shows the locations for hatches and corridors connecting the inside of each centrifuge to the cockpit and the rest of the ship.

There’s also a jab at Star Trek: “Because USS Enterprise is so out of touch with real physics”, nodding at how Spock and his crew were “simply” able to stand inside the ship as if gravity was something taken for granted outside a planet.

@artshare@lemmy.world

  • CIA_chatbot@lemmy.world
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    11 days ago

    Ok so the thrust from the engines )let’s say we are at one g of thrust). That’s going to not work with your rings the way they are.

    You have to think of the engines being “down” and the nose of the craft as “up”

    Your rings should be going around the body of the ship. That way while under thrust the centrifugal force can work with the pseudo gravity provided by acceleration. What you have here would kill people

    • CarbonIceDragon@pawb.social
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      11 days ago

      Tbf, 1g of thrust is a lot to assume, there are quite a few ways to do a high-efficiency rocket that result in extremely low thrust but applied for a long period of time. Still probably better to arrange them the way you suggest but I’m not sure it would be a huge problem for something like, say, an ion engine for example

      • CIA_chatbot@lemmy.world
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        11 days ago

        I was using 1g of thrust just to simplify the point. But 1 G of thrust would be what you would want to aim for in a longe range space craft (barring fuel limits). It provides gravity without needing rotating hand.

        If you are traveling from say planet a to planet b, 1 G constant acceleration halfway, flip and 1G acceleration (going backwards) to slowdown keeps your crew under steady gravity without rotating habitats.

        (I read way too many hardcore space sci-fi books)

        • CarbonIceDragon@pawb.social
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          11 days ago

          That’s the fastest way (barring unproven space warping whatever) to get around, but what sort of engine is going to give you both enough fuel efficiency and enough power at the same time to actually do that? Even nuclear rocketry struggles with that to my understanding unless the planets in question are very close.

          • CIA_chatbot@lemmy.world
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            11 days ago

            According to sci-fi we ignore the whole “fuel thing” unless we hand wave it away with something like “Antimatter” or the like. :D

    • Dæmon S.@calckey.worldOP
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      11 days ago

      @CIA_chatbot@lemmy.world @artshare@lemmy.world

      Back when I initially drew, I was thinking of some premises, including ionic thrusters (whose acceleration is knowingly slow) used only for changing the ship’s course which would essentially be wandering naturally (and unhurriedly) towards deep space, after being built in orbit (much akin to how ISS was built) then towed to orbit near escape velocities by detachable stages before leveraging gravitational assist, like the Voyagers did. In this sense, the centrifuge would be used during free roam through deep space, when the ship isn’t accelerating on its own. Also, the crew would be small (up to a dozen, but ideally three or five people, or an odd numbers of people), which would be floating in microgravity inside the rest of the ship (esp. the cockpit) most of the time.

      But thinking about your design, rings around the ship instead of ships above/below the ship, yours is a better design than mine, because it’d also include a more efficient connection hallway to/from the rest of the ship.

      I tried to draw it, keeping the pair of counterbalancing rings:

      A drawing of a similar spaceship as my previous drawing, in similar view (isometric, 60 degrees) but it's just the drawing and the force vectors on top of it, and the ship now has a different configuration for the rings, in which the wings are actually surrounding the ship's body, rotating in the same axis as the ship's roll axis, although one ring rotates to opposite direction that of the other ring. The purple light from ionic thrusters is slightly improved, with me using a glow brush from Sketchbook to make the ink additive (therefore closer to a light) rather than subtractive. The three astronauts aren't visible through the cockpit's windows.

  • Hemingways_Shotgun@lemmy.ca
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    11 days ago

    In both models, the rings are way to small. The speed at which they would need to spin would create an unacceptably large imbalance between the gravity at the person’s feet and the gravity at the person’s head. You’re astronauts would be puking 24/7.

    • Dæmon S.@calckey.worldOP
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      @Adderbox76@lemmy.ca @artshare@lemmy.world

      You’re astronauts would be puking 24/7

      Lol

      the rings are way too small

      Indeed, the scale in which I depicted the idea isn’t accurate and, in reality, the whole thing should be way bigger, which means the astronauts would be barely visible from outside the cockpit’s windows.

      At least in a mental model, if these models had larger dimensions than they’re currently implied to have, the spaceship’s body/hull would end up heavier than the rings, even when the rings are also scaled up, because the volume and the surface of the hull is implied/expected to exceed those of the rings, whose materials should be “truss-like” (i.e. hollow) for these to be lighter than the ship’s hull.

      But, welp, it’s been a long while since I tinkered with Kerbal Space Program.

      • Hemingways_Shotgun@lemmy.ca
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        11 days ago

        But, welp, it’s been a long while since I tinkered with Kerbal Space Program.

        My desktop went to the big compost bin in the sky a couple of months ago and I’m just about at the point where I’ve saved enough for a replacement, and KSP is literally the first thing I’m itching to dive into when I do.

  • SGforce@lemmy.ca
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    11 days ago

    At this scale I think it would work as a reaction wheel, but the incline would make it less “artificial gravity” and more “human tumbler”.

    • Dæmon S.@calckey.worldOP
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      11 days ago

      @SGforce@lemmy.ca @artshare@lemmy.world

      Lol! Indeed. I guess that, in order for these configurations (especially the Option B, given potential imbalance on pitch and roll in Option A) to work, the ship must be really big. In reality, the three astronauts inside the cockpit shall be way smaller (but, then, they would be barely visible as subpixels in a 1440x1440 canvas)

  • agamemnonymous@sh.itjust.works
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    11 days ago

    My head canon was to ignore canon layouts of the Enterprise and assume the saucer section is shaped that way to have spinning disks for artificial gravity.

    • Dæmon S.@calckey.worldOP
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      11 days ago

      @agamemnonymous@sh.itjust.works @artshare@lemmy.world

      This, with an additional caveat: it must be two (or more pairs, always an even number of) rings sandwiched on top of each other inside the so there’s counterbalancing of the torque, otherwise it’d be more of a reaction wheel.

      To be fair, most sci-fi shows seem to struggle with accurate mechanisms for gravity inside the ship, which is directly related to the ship’s size and shape… Which reminds me of how the ship from the Vogons (Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy) is, by far, the most unrealistic one, essentially being a gigantic cube inside of which the Vogons stand as they use loudspeakers (from the vacuum of the space) to announce their bureaucratic destruction procedures for Earth 😂

      Still, I’d say USS Enterprise is the most iconic spaceship to me.

    • Dæmon S.@calckey.worldOP
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      11 days ago

      @panda_abyss@lemmy.ca @artshare@lemmy.world

      To a certain extent, yes… but I guess it will depend on factors such as the length and the weight of the rings, the weight of the gravitating things sitting on the inner part of the rings (this would be, by far, the biggest contribution to imbalance, no matter the configuration of the rings, as different things, including people, with different weights would be standing on different places across each centrifuge) and the dimensions of the spacecraft, wherein the center of mass tends to be, even with both rings. In option A, the rings are supposed to be as closest as possible to each other, with enough gap for them to rotate without friction.

      The main imbalance I can see is during ship’s rotation, especially roll and pitch, given how both configurations only account for yaw balance. So the ship must be as stationary as possible in relation to itself, only changing its attitude when really needed, and doing so in the slowest pace possible, no hurry needed. That’s also why I placed ionic thrusters instead of traditional rocket engines, as ionic thrusters are known to push things really slowly. This spaceship is meant to accelerate extremely slowly.

      After I draw this schematics-art, I thought of further configurations, such as Option B with the rings inside a larger husk (so the ship would become more aerodynamic, while also adding some structural strength and weight to further dampen the torque imbalance). Another alternative, for the Option A, would be four rings instead of two, with a pair on the top (as it currently is) and an additional pair on the bottom, which would make the center of mass to match the center of mass of the ship’s hull.

    • CIA_chatbot@lemmy.world
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      11 days ago

      Both options will kill the everyone in the rings because acceleration from the engines provides its own pseudo gravity. The ring would have to spin even faster to keep people from flying around when their part of the ring is pointing towards the node of the craft. And even with that compensation the people on anode would be pushing their brains out as they went from higher g to lower g as they spun

      The rings need to go around the body, not on top

  • Lumidaub@feddit.org
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    11 days ago

    Hello, yes, hi, I come here for artsy-fartsy stuff that is nice to look at, not for being force-taught physics and having my fandom slandered (or libelled or whatever). ;D

    🛸

    I’m saying this looks interesting and goes waaaaay above my head.