Welcome to the third week of reading Trans Liberation: Beyond Pink or Blue by Leslie Feinberg!

If you’re just getting started, here’s a link to the thread for Chapter 1: https://hexbear.net/post/5178006?scrollToComments=false and Chapter 2: https://hexbear.net/post/5254179?scrollToComments=false

We’re only doing one chapter per week and the discussion threads will be left open, so latecomers are still very much welcome to join if interested.

As mentioned before… This isn’t just a book for trans people! If you’re cis, please feel free to join and don’t feel intimidated if you’re not trans and/or new to these topics.

Here is a list of resources taken from the previous reading group session:

pdf download
epub download - Huge shout out to comrade @EugeneDebs for putting this together. I realized I didn’t credit them in either post but here it is. I appreciate your efforts. ❤️
chapter 1 audiobook - Huge shout out to comrade @futomes for recording these. No words can truly express my appreciation for this. Thank you so much. ❤️
chapter 2 audiobook
chapter 3 audiobook
chapter 4 audiobook
chapter 5 audiobook
chapter 6 audiobook
chapter 7 audiobook
chapter 8 audiobook

Also here’s another PDF download link and the whole book on ProleWiki.

In this thread we’ll be discussing Chapter 3: Living Our True Spirit.

CWs: Minor mentions of transphobia.

This chapter covers a speech by Feinberg at the True Spirit Conference, a regional conference described as being for “people who are themselves, or who are supportive of others who were assigned female gender at birth, but who feel that is not an adequate or accurate description of who they are.”

The “Portrait” section here is written by the conference chairperson, Gary Bowen, who describes himself as “a gay transman of Apache and Scotch-Irish descent, left-handed, differently-abled, the parent of two young children -one of whom is also differently abled - of an old Cracker frontier family from Texas, a person who values his Native heritage very deeply, and who is doing his best to live in accordance with the Spirit, and who keeps learning more about his heritage all the time.”

I’ll ping whoever has been participating so far, but please let me know if you’d like to be added (or removed).

Feel free to let me know if you have any feedback also. Thanks!

  • Carcharodonna [she/her]@hexbear.netOP
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    18 days ago

    I’ll probably have more to say later, but just wanted to throw it out there that I especially liked this chapter and its emphasis on solidarity. Some key quotes for me and brief thoughts:

    The struggles of those of us at this conference also overlap with the struggles of the women’s liberation movement. We could gain strength by working together, along with all our allies, to fight for sex and gender freedom. That means the rights of people to define their sex, control their own body, and develop their gender expression free from violence, economic barriers, or discrimination — in employment, housing, health care, or any other sector of society.

    None of us can ever be free while others are still in chains. That’s the truth underlying the need for solidarity. Trans liberation is inextricably linked to other movements for equality and justice.

    Very relevant to excellent points brought up previously by awth13 regarding the suffragette movement in the context of trans rights, and ze lays it out pretty clearly. Highlights the ridiculousness of TERF attempts to claim “feminism” while also also seeking to restrict the rights of trans people.

    But just because an individual is drawn into the vortex of a movement, it doesn’t mean that person will automatically be enlightened on every aspect of other peoples’ oppressions — particularly that which they do not directly experience. Each individual still needs to overcome the bigotry that has been instilled in us from an early age. A gay man does not necessarily see the need to fight sexism automatically; a white transperson doesn’t automatically see the need to fight racism. But the progressive momentum inherent in movements offers a greater potential for individuals to gain an understanding of the struggles of others-particularly in coalitions.

    This (and the other examples in this section) to me highlights how important it is to continuously identify and purge the brainworms I might have that have thus far gone unexamined. In a strange way it also makes me think about the internalized transphobia programmed into me from a young age, having been raised in a conservative environment and in an era where media depictions of trans people were made to be ridiculed or gawked at, and the damage it did to me.

    Why would we want to ask anyone to give up their own hard-fought-for place on the gender spectrum? There are no rights or wrongs in the ways people express their own gender style. No one’s lipstick or flattop is hurting us. No one’s gender expression is any more “liberated” than anyone else’s.

    Gender freedom — isn’t that what we’re all fighting for with every breath we take? Well, how are we going to win it if we don’t support each other’s right to be different from us? Each person has the right to express their gender in any way that feels most comfortable — masculine or feminine, androgynous, bi- and tri-gender expression, gender fluidity, gender complexity, and gender contradiction. There are many shades of gender that are not even represented in language yet. One could argue that leather people and nuns are their own genders.

    People don’t have to give up their individuality or their particular manner of gender expression in order to fight sex and gender oppression. It’s just the opposite. People won’t put their time, energy, and commitment into organizing unless they know that the movement they are building is defending their lives.

    I’ve discussed this already in previous threads, but I again appreciate how ze highlights the importance of letting people identity as their true selves, as opposed to gatekeeping or forcing people into narrow categorizations. I also liked this related quote from Gary Bowen:

    Once I figured out that “transgendered” was someone who transcended traditional stereotypes of “man” and “woman,” I saw that I was such a person. I then began a quest for finding words that described myself, and discovered that while psychiatric jargon dominated the discourse, there were many other words, both older and newer, that addressed these issues.

    As I read this quote I think about some of the terms I see pop up on social media, like the “brick” thing which is just… Ugh. I feel like we should be continually challenging and refining the language and terms we use, and this is especially true for terms that are blatantly toxic.

  • Cowbee [he/him, they/them]@hexbear.netM
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    18 days ago

    “None of us can ever be free while others are still in chains.”

    This is the heart and soul of this work, and Les hammers it in consistently and from different angles each time so as to develop a further and more complete view. It keeps this work extremely relevant and necessary for everyone, no matter your gender(s).

    I also really loved the messages from Gary Bowen about “colonizing gender,” where white people try to steal the gender heritage of native peoples. This is an important lesson to take to heart, and is why gender liberation must also be alongside ethnic liberation, decolonization, and more. Each bit of intersectional experience develops a deeper understanding and represents to us the same beat Les hammers home; nobody is free until we all are. We need to look into our own history and make our own advancements in gender theory, without stealing from others, instead supporting them.

    Thanks again for hosting this! Looking forward to seeing what others got out of this text.

    • Carcharodonna [she/her]@hexbear.netOP
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      18 days ago

      We need to look into our own history and make our own advancements in gender theory, without stealing from others, instead supporting them.

      I definitely agree with this and somewhat related to this in regard to European trans history, there’s a youtube channel I really like that covers a lot of interesting topics I haven’t seen covered in many other places: https://www.youtube.com/@TransgenderAncientHistory I highly recommend for anyone interested in trans-related European ancient history.

  • AntifaSuperWombat [she/her]@hexbear.net
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    18 days ago

    Wow, what a chapter! Like Cowbee said, the majority of it was just Les hammering down again and again that solidarity is a necessity for a successful movement. But there were some parts that made me drop my jaw:

    We must challenge the misconception that transmen are automatically typecast as masculine and so their partners must automatically be feminine women. The entire range of gender expression can be found in the transmale population, including androgynous and feminine men, and drag queens.

    The idea that trans men can be feminine or even be drag queens is even today a really progressive view. The fact that this book was written in the 90s just amazes me over and over again.

    spoiler

    For example, when the second wave of the women’s liberation movement in this country challenged the patriarchal ruling class -thereby threatening the profits they extract from women’s inequality - those powers conducted a campaign to discredit the demands of women. Every tool of mass communication delivered a message to men, and to women not yet drawn into the movement, that these uppity women were trying to destroy the “sacred differences” between men and women.

    When women urged passage of such a basic, modest piece of legislation as the Equal Rights Amendment, Phyllis Schlafley tried to scare audiences. She predicted that passage of the bill would force men and women to use unisex toilets. If you ask me, I think most people - especially transgender folk - would feel a lot safer and more comfortable if the signs read “Toilet” and the rooms were single-occupancy, clean, sanitary, and had a lock on the door.

    Schlafley also argued that, “Equal rights for women will make homosexual marriages legal.” Wow, that sounds like reason enough to pass the era! Our trans communities are still defending our already existing same-sex marriages. And we’re uniting with lesbian, gay, and bisexual activists to win legal and social benefits for all marriages and all families. Whether or not you personally want to get married, this is a progressive fight against blatant discrimination by the state, like the struggles to defeat racist miscegenation laws that banned interracial marriages.

    But in recent years, the women’s liberation movement has been slowed by a period of deep reaction, including stepped-up attacks attempting to make a mockery of the gains of the women’s, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and other progressive movements.

    One such perversion of the gains of our movements is the right-wing reversal of the meaning of politically correct. When the movements were in full stride, being politically correct was a good thing. It meant confronting racist, sexist, anti-Semitic, homophobic, anti-disabled, and anti-worker slurs, attitudes, and actions. It meant using language that demonstrated respect and sensitivity for each other’s oppression.

    George Bush, and later Rush Limbaugh, waged a divisive campaign to use that phrase against the movements as a weapon. Their ilk asks: “Why do we have to all be so ‘politically correct?’” What they mean is why can’t they publicly repeat the crude, bigoted slurs they used before these movements challenged them. The right wing has characterized these progressive movements as “oppressors.” The message from those in power is: Don’t blame us, blame the people trying to change the situation. This is an attempt to thwart the formation of new liberation movements. But these movements are potential allies, not enemies.

    If you take this entire part and just replace “women’s liberation” with “trans liberation”, “Schlaffley” with “Rowling” and “Bush” with “Trump”, it would perfectly describe our current situation. I’m not sure if Les wanted to play Nostradamus here, but it strongly reinforces the point sie makes that we absolutely need to have each other’s backs. “None of us can ever be free while others are still in chains.” is such a great quote.

    The women’s movement is right — females are socialized very differently and unequally. But the trans movement reveals a more layered and complex socialization process. Does a masculine girl absorb social education about what it means to be a “girl” in the same way as a feminine girl? Does a feminine boy grow up identifying with, or fearing, the masculine boys learning to swagger and take up space? How does a transsexual child or adult absorb the messages of how a “real” man or woman is supposed to act and relate?

    I was heartened, for example, to see that transmen and transwomen had created a workshop at this conference to deal with how to work with each other most sensitively. I have heard some non-trans people criticize transsexual women for taking up too much space or being too overbearing because they were socialized as males. It’s one thing for transwomen to discuss issues of socialization as an internal discussion in transsexual space. But it’s a prejudiced and dangerous formulation for non-transsexuals to make. It’s a fast and slippery slide from the rigidity of biological determinism to an equally narrow position of social determinism.

    And it too closely parallels transphobic attacks that charge: “Once a man, always a man; once a woman, always a woman.” This line of reasoning flies in the face of the fact that consciousness is determined by being. When a man or woman comes out as gay, lesbian, or bisexual, they become part of those communities. No one says “once a heterosexual, always a heterosexual.” The consciousness of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people changes and develops while living through the oppression, and working with others to fight back. That is true for transwomen, as well.

    I wish lib fems would read those 3 paragraphs and really hammer them into their brains. Because it’s one thing if TERFs use it in an dishonest way to attack us, but it really grinds my gears when supposed allies copy this shit and use it to other us by forcing a male/female essence on us that just isn’t there.

    I still have to read the portrait, but even without it this chapter has been the best read I’ve had in a really long time.

  • buh [she/her, any]@hexbear.net
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    18 days ago

    I finished reading this chapter late in the evening and I’m too tired to form my thoughts into coherent sentences, I’ll be back to post about it probably tomorrow, but my chapo/hexbear poisoned brain saw

    Frederick Douglass

    and I just have to say: he’s being recognized more and more trump-anguish

  • buh [she/her, any]@hexbear.net
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    17 days ago

    Okay I’m back with some thoughts

    Others in the thread have already brought up the mentions of intersectionality, and I don’t have anything to add, so I won’t get into it. Though I would have liked it if Feinberg went more into detail explaining how the different “hierarchies” (race, gender, sexuality, socioeconomic class, etc.) work to enforce the others, but I do also get that it’s a transcript of a speech about a broader subject.

    I noticed that zie uses both words “transsexual” and “transgender”, which confused me until I realized that by “transsexual” zie was referring to those who had medically transitioned, and “transgender” to those who had only socially transitioned. I only really started learning about what being trans really is within the last 5 years, and mainly from talking to people online where the general consensus seems to be that “transsexual” is a slur with sexual connotations, and “transgender” is the respectful word to use to refer to trans people, with no distinction regarding medical or social transition. I’m curious about when this changed happened and why.

    There isn’t any one specific section that gave me this idea, but the whole thing made me think about how the categorizations of masculine and feminine aren’t just polarizing, but in a way limiting, by which I mean there are personality traits and interests that fit into neither category. For example, my true personality is somewhat silly and playful (though of course I’m able to be serious when it’s needed), which falls outside the conventionally accepted masculine personality types of either being aggressive and dominant, or being reserved and stoic (this is what I often default to because it’s easier than the former). But it’s also not something conventionally accepted among women, and in some circles makes you immature or nerdy (pejorative). This exclusion of certain things isn’t something intrinsic to humans and therefore immutable since it’s socially constructed; in older generations playing video games as an adult is seen as childish and immature and would thus fall outside both masculine and feminine, but among people born after 1980 it’s fairly normal and accepted.

    I liked Gary’s suggestion to look to trans history in other parts of the world, because he’s right that it’s something that people have been doing all over the world pretty much since the beginning of humanity. I’ve known about the historical class of trans people from the part of the world my parents came from, and how they were pretty much genocided by Spanish colonizers, but now I’m realizing there were probably also trans people in Spain being persecuted all the same, at the same time, by the same forces.

    • Muinteoir_Saoirse [she/her]@hexbear.net
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      11 days ago

      This isn’t an accurate understanding of the difference between transgender and transsexual, especially in the context of the time period of this book.

      Transgender is an umbrella coalitional term. Transgender is anyone who crosses the roles of normative gendered performance. This means that butches, queens, fairies, dykes, transvestites, and transsexuals would all fall under the category of transgender.

      Transsexual was and is not about medical transition. Transsexual is the move from woman to man or from man to woman full time, regardless of whether or not medical intervention was/is one of the steps.

      Transgender and transsexual are not synonyms and they are not interchangeable. This is especially true during this period of time Feinberg is writing in.

      Transsexual is also not a slur, nor does have it sexual connotations. It’s an identity and a reality for transsexuals.

    • shallot [they/them, she/her]@hexbear.net
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      16 days ago

      I noticed that zie uses both words “transsexual” and “transgender”, which confused me until I realized that by “transsexual” zie was referring to those who had medically transitioned, and “transgender” to those who had only socially transitioned.

      Thank you, I was confused about that as well.

      • Muinteoir_Saoirse [she/her]@hexbear.net
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        11 days ago

        I answered buh above, but I will make a comment here to ask you to take a look at my response, because it just isn’t true that Feinberg was distinguishing transsexual and transgender in the way that buh seemed to interpret it. Transgender was a coalitional term that encompassed many identities (including transsexual), and many of those identities are ones that in the more common way transgender is used now would even be considered cisgender. But it is not correct or accurate to come away with an idea that transsexual is reduced to medical transition, nor that transgender (especially as Feinberg was using it) is about social transitioning. Transgender as Feinberg used it didn’t have anything to do with “transitioning” at all: it was about everyone who crossed normative gender roles, including, for instance, a cis man drag queen. You wouldn’t say that a man who chooses to wear dresses on the weekend but fully identifies as a man is “transitioning,” but Feinberg would say that this man is transgender.

        • shallot [they/them, she/her]@hexbear.net
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          11 days ago

          I see. Thank you for the clarification, and for pinging me to come back and read it! So, to make sure I’m understanding correctly, in this context “transgender” indicates that a person transgresses gender norms, while “transsexual” means someone who transitions full-time.

          Transsexual is the move from woman to man or from man to woman full time, regardless of whether or not medical intervention was/is one of the steps.

          Is the term limited to binary transitions in this context?

          • Muinteoir_Saoirse [she/her]@hexbear.net
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            11 days ago

            That’s actually a pretty interesting question. As Feinberg was using it, almost certainly transsexual was referring specifically to men and women, and not nonbinary or third-gender people, nor even intersex people. The language at the time for transsexual was fairly narrow. The thing that makes it so interesting is that, because the language was narrow, there would have been plenty of people who don’t fall into the “binary transsexual” category that would have related to themselves and used the identifier of transsexual. So yes, there would have been “nonbinary” transsexual people.

            It’s impossible to apply concepts and social relations across time, so we can never know: how many people who considered themselves transsexual at the time would have used different language if they had access to it? For the same reason, many people who use terms like nonbinary now would be more likely to have used labels like dyke, butch, and fairy moreso than transsexual.

            Not long after this book was written, there was a larger linguistic shift to a “transgender” framework. This is partially due to the success of Feinberg and other’s like hir, as well as the rise of queer theory in the American academia. The linguistic linking of a multitude of gender transgressive identities under the single identity of transgender became a standard shorthand, and gained traction in the mainstream. This also functioned as a way to placate bio-essentialist viewpoints, by theorizing a split between sex and gender, and placing transgender as the transgression of socially constructed gender, while not challenging the biological sex.

            This had the positive in that it helped cement a larger community identity that was easily recognizable and understandable to the mainstream, which can be helpful in organizing for recognition and rights. However it also had the negative effect of creating a universalizing narrative of what transgender was, which also forced many people originally intended to be encompassed under the term transgender into the position of cisgender. It created, in effect, a new binary: cisgender and transgender, which pushed some transgender people into the cisgender camp, and erased a lot of the nuance and complex identities that existed in favour of something more easily legible. This is also where a lot of the tension between the language of transgender and transsexual in current discourse stems. Transsexual was being replaced, transgender was being flattened to a more “inclusive” synonym for transsexual (not inclusive to cisgender people who were previously transgender, though), and transsexual as a term with its own specificity was being conflated with medicalism and robbed of its validity.

            Currently you’ll see arguments that transsexual is a reinforcing of bioessentialist or medicalist ideas of sex and gender, but I would argue it’s the opposite. By conceding that transsexuality is inherently about medicalist interventionism, you accept that gender is the social construct and sex is the biological reality–but of course, sex is just as much a socially constructed category! And the difference between sex and gender is illegible in most non-English languages to begin with.

            Anyway, bit of a tangent because the emergence of new linguistic structures at times of political upheaval are always fraught, and have complex histories. But as Feinberg was using it: transgender was meant to be a coalition of all people and identities that challenged the gender norms (“gender outlaws”), and so nonbinary identities (like hirs) would have been quite comfortable in the transgender umbrella (though usually with other local/subcultural language that was more specific), but likely would have felt just as constrained or unrepresented by transsexual identity as they would in cissexual identity.

            • shallot [they/them, she/her]@hexbear.net
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              8 days ago

              This is all very interesting, but this in particular caught my eye:

              By conceding that transsexuality is inherentlyabout medicalist interventionism, you accept that gender is the social construct and sex is the biological reality–but of course, sex is just as much a socially constructed category!

              That is something that I had never considered. I’m not sure that I understand how sex is also socially constructed, unless maybe you mean that because we can change our bodies through hormone treatments and surgery? Which makes sense I suppose. I guess it could also be that we’re taking a roughly bimodal spectrum of physical characteristics and jamming them into binary categories. The more I think of it, the more it makes sense to me, although I’m not certain whether it makes sense for the right reasons or whether it just sounds plausible enough (like the misunderstanding that started this chain).

              Edit: Also the more I think about it, my second guess sounds more correct to me. The first one feels a bit too medicalist-adjacent to me, although I did not intend that.

              Sorry if my questions are annoying, you just seem to know a lot about things that I’m trying to understand better. Thank you for taking the time to write such detailed responses. I really appreciate it :)

              • Muinteoir_Saoirse [she/her]@hexbear.net
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                8 days ago

                No, I love questions! I am an adult educator and this is one of my specialties! There are a few great books that cover this kind of stuff, like Alice Domurat Dreger’s Hermaphrodites and the Medical Invention of Sex (Dreger is kind of terrible about trans stuff these days, but she was really on the cutting edge of writing on the social aspects of intersex at the time of this book, and it is definitely worth reading). In feminist theorizing, following Simone de Beauvoir’s pronouncement that people are made–not born–woman (in the Second Sex), it’s been a common thread of exploration that the quest to differentiate men and women has been a sociopolitical project and not a natural truth.

                Extending that into queer studies, and especially examining intersex and trans bodies/lives, it can be seen that there is no natural law that determines a mutually exclusive binary of man-woman. The quest to create a medico-biological categorization of sex has one that has been scientifically fraught. What determines male vs female? Early hormonal models were shown pretty quickly to be useless–you can easily replace hormones, and even among “cis” men and women there is no clear line of what demarcates a “male” level of hormone from a “female” level of hormone, especially considering how even within an individual there will be different hormonal experiences throughout a lifetime.

                Then came gonadal models, which are problematized by the existence of a wide range of intersex realities. A cis man who lives his entire life as a man and in autopsy is found to have ovaries sort of throws that whole mutual exclusivity of gonadal sex right out the window. There are so many different gonadal configurations (including ovotestes) that are often not even indicative of secondary sex characteristics (which has also been discarded as a useful model of sexing) that it all sort of falls apart. It’s not even statistically insignificant–as many as 1 in 100 births has some form of intersex “condition.”

                Then we have the advent of chromosomal models, which are pretty useless as an explication for the existence of two mutually exclusive sexes–what with the fact that we asserted two sexes as a a “natural law” before we ever had any knowledge of chromosomes existing. Applying them as an explanation after the fact is as political a move as it gets. And of course, we have very little understanding of the vast complex of genes and how they express sex characteristics, there’s certainly more involved than “sex chromosomes,” which even themselves are not actually found in only binary configurations, and are certainly not mutually exclusive to the categories of man and woman.

                All of this to say that medical categorizations of male and female have been applied to pre-existing social frameworks, in ever-shifting models as people attempt to pin down some essential character after the fact to finally prove these categories to be natural law, when every time the science just does not agree. Outside of more medical discourse, there is plenty of explorations of the way that sex is leveraged as some “natural fact” to divide women from men for exploitation. Trans and intersex people are threats to those models, so they face the most visible attacks on that front, but the elimination of trans and intersex realities is for the most part barely about trans and intersex people themselves, but about the systemic necessity of oppressing literally half of the world’s population, a feat that requires extensive violence and the social reproduction of an untenable hierarchy that only persists through masquerading as a natural law.

                Studies–like Kessler and McKenna’s–have shown that the primary factor in sexing a human is the presence of a penis, over and above any other secondary sex characteristics. It was especially common (until very recently, and in many places it is still common) to determine the sex of an infant entirely based upon the presence of a normative penis. This resulted in children whose penises were considered non-normative, with less potential to be “pleasing” or “functional” to be sexed as girls and operated on, often without knowledge or consent of the parents if the penis could not be “fixed,” or operated on unnecessarily to “fix” the penis and thus retain male sexing.

                A few more books if interested: Judith Butler’s Bodies That Matter: On The Discursive Limits of “Sex”, Angela Pattatuchi Aragón’s Challenging Lesbian Norms: Intersex, Transgender, Intersectional, and Queer Perspectives, Viviane K. Namaste’s Invisible Lives: The Erasure of Transsexual and Transgendered People and Rita Santos’ Beyond Gender Binaries: The History of Trans, Intersex, and Third-Gender Individuals

                I’ve got a bunch more recommendations as well, especially about trans-feminism, including a reading list: https://hexbear.net/post/4435465