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SeventyTwoTrillion [he/him]

@ SeventyTwoTrillion @hexbear.net

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"Crises teasingly hold out the possibility of dramatic reversals only to be followed by surreal continuity as the old order cadaverously fights back."

  • This is how I would summarize this chapter:

    • American denial of its own imperialism (especially in Latin America) is, of course, deeply cynical, but does reveal some interesting properties of American imperialism in contrast to the imperialism of the old European empires. Namely, Latin America is more than a "backyard" for the US; it is a workshop in which various imperial techniques and empire-building can be tested, and is a place where imperial creativity can flourish, allowing the US a place to try and create convincing political and moral justifications of their definitely-not-empire.
    • Importantly, Latin America provides a resistance/pushback which has shaped US imperialism over the decades as national and global politics evolves, and in turn, US imperialism shapes Latin America and the forms of resistance that arise, from basic social democracy to outright militancy by guerrillas.
    • The US was involved early and often in Latin America, from the early 1800s onwards. The early techniques are the crude forms of nonetheless recognizable modern techniques; the use of civil society organizations to undermine governments, as well as sending gunboats to raid, occupy, and annex ports and islands around the Caribbean and the rest of the continent. As Latin America developed insurgencies, the US went on to develop counterinsurgencies. There have been over 40 successful regime changes over the 20th century alone across the whole continent.
    • Many of the current legal precedents for invading/bombing countries without congressional approval, denying prisoners human rights, and torturing people were invented and developed in Latin America.
    • Additionally, tools of US corporate and financial/banking domination began in Latin America and later spread to the rest of the world, including attempts to restructure the economies of foreign sovereign countries to suit the whims of the US.
    • The US presidential administrations of the 20th and 21st century have been traditionally defined by their domestic/electoral politics, but their foreign policy views, especially vis-a-vis Latin America are also incredibly important. Each administration has sought a political hegemony domestically in which various groups and capitalist factions are brought together under one banner despite their diverse views and priorities.
    • When looking at the history of Latin America, you can see the story of these US administrations and their evolving interests: from the early days before the Monroe Doctrine where the Spanish were strategically shored up until the US could advance enough; to the commercial exploitation of the continent under the Federalists; to the honing of racism under Jacksonians in opposition to Spanish-America republicanism; to the Confederates seeking to expand slavery in Latin America; to Progressives developing their ideas about "political morality", "free trade", and how governance ought to be while overseeing occupations in Latin America; and then on to the New Deal coalition, and later, the New Right coalition in the 20th century.
    • When US empire has been under threat and they have overreached, Latin America has been a place for a brief retreat and reformulation of how to best approach empire-building. Two great examples are the 1930s (the Depression and the rise of the New Deal) and the aftermath of the Vietnam War in the 1970s in which the US had to find a solution to the spread of third-world nationalism. Whenever US interest and actions in Latin America are heightening, one should study it carefully, observing what the Americans are presently thinking and developing, as the strategies that are successful will spread to the rest of the world before long.
  • Will do!

  • Is there anything in particular that you're confused by?

  • Also, I think Grandin is spot-on with his diagnosis that the American elites were, seemingly contradictorily, both set free and felt incredibly restrained by what they learned with their imperialist strategy in Latin America.

    I think this dynamic is only heightening over time, and is now almost bursting at the seams, with Trump's longing for the "old imperialism" of vast land grabs and direct imperial rule with troops on the ground and big displays of military might, in contrast to the boring liberal "new imperialism" of impersonal financial domination, boasting of their adherence and adoration of the international rules-based order as they feed yet another hundred thousand orphaned children into a titanic meat grinder in the vain hope of maintaining profit margins.

    And as Grandin says, the restraints were as necessary as the raw exploitative might. It is a delicate art to maintain foreign populations with just enough contentment with the state of things that they don't overthrow their comprador governments and take down precious American property and investments with it, but nonetheless still exploit them enough to maintain your genocidal global empire. The European empires did not learn this lesson of restraint fast enough and lost their empires because of it in a wave of independence movements.

    A large number (I'm unsure if it's a majority) of American capitalists and imperialists seem to long for the days of strong, grand, European empires, and hope that the technological (and policing/surveillance) disparity is now large enough again that even with just outright imperial domination from abroad, the populations just won't be able to mount a concerted resistance. I think this is a miscalculation, especially as AI appears to be pretty clearly flopping and American military industry has some serious output problems, though hundreds of millions will still suffer regardless.

  • Already in the introduction, there's a LOT of stuff here where I was just nodding along. Like Rodney, I feel like Grandin really gets it.

    I think it would have been easy and acceptable to write a book about Latin America as it resisted American Empire over the centuries, as a sort of counterhistory to a hypothetical liberal book about how America has just been great for the world and how they've brought civilization to such and such places through, uh, "interventions". What Grandin is doing instead is a bit more nuanced, and really touches on the dialectical nature of the relationship that the US and Latin America have, which he explicitly states near the end of the introduction. The very varied forms of resistance (and collaboration, as the case may be) from Latin America and the US has actually shaped global American strategy. That is, just as their resistance has adapted to the oppression, the oppression has adapted to the resistance, and in such a way that neither side has ever truly won (yet).

    It's in this sense that calling the book "Empire's Workshop" is a great name - as he says, it's not merely America's "backyard" or "sphere of influence" or even really a Roman-esque occupation of a series of provinces, but a place where American strategy is honed and perfected; and when there are newfound forms of resistance, this resistance can be studied and, if you're an American official, hopefully overcome with a new imperial development.

    So in a way, Venezuela and especially Cuba aren't merely sanctioned countries, they are the sanctioned countries - they are the experimental ground to test what works and what does not work in terms of depriving and impoverishing entire populations in the hopes of generating regime change, and that model of sanctions is being exported to the rest of the world. Russia, and to a certain and increasing extent China, are where it is truly being put to the test, and so far, thankfully, it doesn't appear to be going very well. This does somewhat mirror how Venezuela and Cuba have maintained socialist political cohesion despite the sanctions pressure, and perhaps reflects a growing inability for the US to successfully exert its economic will on sufficiently ironclad countries. On the other hand, its successes in countries like Argentina, Peru, and now Bolivia inform us of how there is still a successful American imperialist foreign policy able to pressure politically weak countries and even sometimes outright replace leaders and parties, such as in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Armenia.

    To summarize my point: one should, when looking at American imperialist strategy as a global phenomenon, always have one eye on Latin America and what the US is up to there, because it has lessons for the present and future of the rest of the world.

  • Imperialism Reading Group ping!

    After a few weeks to recuperate, it's time for the next book. We are shifting continents from Africa to Latin America - and at a particularly pertinent time. This week will merely be the Introduction, so you have time to obtain a copy by whichever means you wish.

    As always, if you wish to step off, just comment or message me and I will take you off the ping list.

    @RedDawn@hexbear.net @Cowbee@hexbear.net @kittin@hexbear.net @Sebrof@hexbear.net @TrippyFocus@lemmy.ml @OrionsMask@hexbear.net @0__0@hexbear.net @SummerIsTooWarm@hexbear.net @mbt2402@hexbear.net @BanjoBolshevik@hexbear.net @BodyBySisyphus@hexbear.net @NinjaGinga@hexbear.net @Test_Tickles@hexbear.net @luddybuddy@hexbear.net @Coca_Cola_but_Commie@hexbear.net @niph@hexbear.net @redline@lemmygrad.ml @glimmer_twin@hexbear.net @MF_COOM@hexbear.net @MiraculousMM@hexbear.net @StarkWolf@hexbear.net @StillNoLeftLeft@hexbear.net @BGDelirium@hexbear.net @THEPH0NECOMPANY@hexbear.net @devils_dust@hexbear.net @Ehrmantrout@hexbear.net @quarrk@hexbear.net @RaisedFistJoker@hexbear.net @Lemmygradwontallowme@hexbear.net @darkmode@hexbear.net @PaulSmackage@hexbear.net @FunkyStuff@hexbear.net @Babs@hexbear.net @Rojo27@hexbear.net @OgdenTO@hexbear.net @iie@hexbear.net @Wertheimer@hexbear.net @Blobber@hexbear.net @MLRL_Commie@hexbear.net @XxFemboy_Stalin_420_69xX@chapo.chat @CARCOSA@hexbear.net @cosmosaucer@hexbear.net @picayune@lemmy.zip @revolut1917@hexbear.net @lil_tank@hexbear.net @WellTheresYourCobbler@hexbear.net @sodium_nitride@hexbear.net @wheresmysurplusvalue@hexbear.net @lmfaMAO@hexbear.net @vovchik_ilich@hexbear.net @Lalutacontinua@hexbear.net @SockOlm@hexbear.net @InappropriateEmote@hexbear.net @BlastboomStrice@mander.xyz @GoodGuyWithACat@hexbear.net @semioticbreakdown@hexbear.net @Moidialectica@hexbear.net @oculi@anarchist.nexus

  • We're going ahead on Greg Grandin's Empire's Workshop. I may hold a poll on books going forward but I'm unsure of the best way to do that for this particular situation.

    For now, I'm trying to ensure that the books we cover are a) fairly generally known to a leftwing audience; b) not known to be particularly controversial; and c) relevant to the present day, so hopefully people are content with the book choices.

  • We may cover Settlers eventually but I am a little nervous about it.

    I've heard of the first book but not the second. I've looked for it online and found an essay/article with that title; is that the extent of it, or is it a wider book?

  • Will do!

  • I'm sorry, but this is just the "Why don't the Palestinian proletariat and Israeli proletariat band together against their bourgeois oppressors, Hamas and the Israeli government?" line that is so misinformed and politically dead that it reveals that the person presenting that argument either knows literally nothing about the fascist tendencies of the average settler or does and is deliberately trying to do wrecking.

    There is rather little common ground between the average Ukrainian Nazi soldier and the average Russian soldier. There isn't none, and there's certainly more than there is between a Palestinian and an Israeli (Ukrainian soldiers defect all the time and it seems to mostly work out for them; if a Hamas member surrendered they would be, at a minimum, tortured and killed), but the Ukrainian and Russian governments do fundamentally stand for different things, and there is no viable "soldier's uprising" that could occur against both countries that wouldn't probably result in a much worse situation as NATO assumed control of the situation.

    Putin's greatest error was not invading sooner. Every year that went by without Russia explicitly preparing for war with Ukraine was a mistake, and only in 2022 did Putin finally begin to make the correct actions, both morally and geopolitically. He had to be dragged, kicking and screaming, into the right move. The fact that the communist parties and organizations of most developing nations are in support of Russia and oppose NATO and Ukraine is indicative, I think.

  • Imperialism Reading Group ping!

    This is the final week for How Europe Underdeveloped Africa! An excellently written book by Rodney, in my opinion, with both swathes of valuable knowledge and insight on both the broad African situation, as well as the particulars within regions and countries, with great wit sprinkled in too.

    After this week, we will then take a two week break for people to catch up, and post observations and questions. We shall resume on October 20th.

    Now is the time to post suggestions for the next book! I'm currently interested in Greg Grandin's 2021 book: Empire's Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism, both as an opportunity to shift continents, and especially as Trump's administration continues the work of Biden's administration (and dozens of administrations before him) in attempting to dominate the continent for American interests. If you have a better suggestion, or even just a book we could eventually cover, then let me know!

    And finally, if you were here only for How Europe Underdeveloped Africa and wish to leave, let me know so I can take you off the list!

    @RedDawn@hexbear.net @Cowbee@hexbear.net @kittin@hexbear.net @Sebrof@hexbear.net @TrippyFocus@lemmy.ml @OrionsMask@hexbear.net @0__0@hexbear.net @SummerIsTooWarm@hexbear.net @mbt2402@hexbear.net @BanjoBolshevik@hexbear.net @BodyBySisyphus@hexbear.net @NinjaGinga@hexbear.net @Test_Tickles@hexbear.net @luddybuddy@hexbear.net @Coca_Cola_but_Commie@hexbear.net @niph@hexbear.net @redline@lemmygrad.ml @glimmer_twin@hexbear.net @MF_COOM@hexbear.net @MiraculousMM@hexbear.net @StarkWolf@hexbear.net @StillNoLeftLeft@hexbear.net @BGDelirium@hexbear.net @THEPH0NECOMPANY@hexbear.net @devils_dust@hexbear.net @Ehrmantrout@hexbear.net @quarrk@hexbear.net @RaisedFistJoker@hexbear.net @Lemmygradwontallowme@hexbear.net @darkmode@hexbear.net @PaulSmackage@hexbear.net @FunkyStuff@hexbear.net @Babs@hexbear.net @PerryGirl@hexbear.net @Rojo27@hexbear.net @OgdenTO@hexbear.net @iie@hexbear.net @Wertheimer@hexbear.net @Blobber@hexbear.net @MLRL_Commie@hexbear.net @XxFemboy_Stalin_420_69xX@chapo.chat @CARCOSA@hexbear.net @cosmosaucer@hexbear.net @picayune@lemmy.zip @revolut1917@hexbear.net @lil_tank@hexbear.net @WellTheresYourCobbler@hexbear.net @sodium_nitride@hexbear.net @wheresmysurplusvalue@hexbear.net @lmfaMAO@hexbear.net @vovchik_ilich@hexbear.net @Lalutacontinua@hexbear.net @SockOlm@hexbear.net @InappropriateEmote@hexbear.net @BlastboomStrice@mander.xyz @GoodGuyWithACat@hexbear.net @semioticbreakdown@hexbear.net @Moidialectica@hexbear.net @oculi@anarchist.nexus

  • news @hexbear.net
    Locked

    Bulletins and International News Discussion from September 29th to October 5th, 2025 - International Solidarity at the SMG - COTW: Ghana

  • Zeroth?

  • news @hexbear.net
    Locked

    Bulletins and International News Discussion from September 22nd to September 28th, 2025 - Destabilization in the Caribbean, and the Zionist Imperial Boomerang - COTW: Haiti

  • Imperialism Reading Group ping!

    This and next week will be spent on the final chapter of the book!

    Next week, we can have a full discussion about where we go next. My current idea is a brief break of a couple weeks to allow people to catch up and/or finish, and then perhaps we shift continents with a Greg Grandin book, such as Empire's Workshop: Latin America, the United States, and the Rise of the New Imperialism? If you have other suggestions, let me know!

    @RedDawn@hexbear.net @Cowbee@hexbear.net @kittin@hexbear.net @Sebrof@hexbear.net @TrippyFocus@lemmy.ml @OrionsMask@hexbear.net @0__0@hexbear.net @SummerIsTooWarm@hexbear.net @mbt2402@hexbear.net @BanjoBolshevik@hexbear.net @BodyBySisyphus@hexbear.net @NinjaGinga@hexbear.net @Test_Tickles@hexbear.net @luddybuddy@hexbear.net @Coca_Cola_but_Commie@hexbear.net @niph@hexbear.net @redline@lemmygrad.ml @glimmer_twin@hexbear.net @MF_COOM@hexbear.net @MiraculousMM@hexbear.net @StarkWolf@hexbear.net @StillNoLeftLeft@hexbear.net @BGDelirium@hexbear.net @THEPH0NECOMPANY@hexbear.net @devils_dust@hexbear.net @Ehrmantrout@hexbear.net @quarrk@hexbear.net @RaisedFistJoker@hexbear.net @Lemmygradwontallowme@hexbear.net @darkmode@hexbear.net @PaulSmackage@hexbear.net @FunkyStuff@hexbear.net @Babs@hexbear.net @PerryGirl@hexbear.net @Rojo27@hexbear.net @OgdenTO@hexbear.net @iie@hexbear.net @Wertheimer@hexbear.net @Blobber@hexbear.net @MLRL_Commie@hexbear.net @XxFemboy_Stalin_420_69xX@chapo.chat @CARCOSA@hexbear.net @cosmosaucer@hexbear.net @picayune@lemmy.zip @fxomt@lemmy.dbzer0.com @revolut1917@hexbear.net @lil_tank@hexbear.net @WellTheresYourCobbler@hexbear.net @sodium_nitride@hexbear.net @wheresmysurplusvalue@hexbear.net @lmfaMAO@hexbear.net @vovchik_ilich@hexbear.net @Lalutacontinua@hexbear.net @SockOlm@hexbear.net @InappropriateEmote@hexbear.net @BlastboomStrice@mander.xyz @GoodGuyWithACat@hexbear.net @semioticbreakdown@hexbear.net

  • theory @hexbear.net

    Imperialism Reading Group - How Europe Underdeveloped Africa - Week 9

  • From Prashad himself:

    The Nepali petty bourgeoisie, which sent their children to English medium schools, and often come from oppressed or “backward” Hindu castes are frustrated by the continual domination of upper castes and are inspired by the right-wing Hindutva petty bourgeoisie politics of India’s Uttar Pradesh, one of the states that borders Nepal. That is why there were many posters in the protests of Yogi Adityanath, a leader of India’s right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the leader of the Uttar Pradesh government. This fraction of the population is also in the mood to “return” to monarchy, which is a Hindu monarchy. Several political forces back these tendencies, such as the pro-monarchy party (Rashtriya Prajatantra Party or RPP) and its broader allies (Joint Peoples’ Movement Committee – formed in March 2025 as part of the return to monarchy protests, Shiv Sena Nepal, Vishwa Hindu Mahasabha).

    Since the 1990s, the Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh (HSS), the Indian RSS’s international affiliate, has quietly built shakhas (groups) and cadre since the 1990s. The HSS – along with a tentacular group of organizations such as the Shiv Sena and the RPP – has campaigned against secular policies and for a return to Hindu Raj. Rather than merely target secularism, the Hindutva bloc has focused attention on what it says is a revolving door of elites in Kathmandu that has held power ever since the monarchy was abolished in 2008. They frame their civilizational rhetoric around anti-corruption and charity, with mobilizations through Hindu festivals and through online influencers as well as selective outreach to marginalized and oppressed castes in the name of Hindu unity. This bloc, powerfully organized unlike the youth, has the capacity to seize power and to restore order in the name of the Hindu state and the monarchy, bringing back authoritarianism in the name of anti-corruption.

    Obviously, I don't know anything about the Nepalese situation firsthand, so I'm taking him at his word.

  • theory @hexbear.net

    Imperialism Reading Group - How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, by Walter Rodney - Week 8

  • news @hexbear.net
    Locked

    Bulletins and International News Discussion from September 15th to September 21st, 2025 - Democracy By Discord - COTW: Nepal

  • news @hexbear.net
    Locked

    Bulletins and News Discussion from September 8th to September 14th, 2025 - Reconciliation, Resets, and Really Cool Parades

  • theory @hexbear.net

    Imperialism Reading Group - How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, by Walter Rodney - Week 7

  • news @hexbear.net
    Locked

    Bulletins and News Discussion from September 1st to September 7th, 2025 - Defending the Revolution - COTW: Venezuela

  • theory @hexbear.net

    Imperialism Reading Group - Imperialism Reading Group - How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, by Walter Rodney - Week 6

  • news @hexbear.net
    Locked

    Bulletins and News Discussion from August 25th to August 31st, 2025 - The Limits of Electoralism - COTW: Bolivia

  • theory @hexbear.net

    Imperialism Reading Group - How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, by Walter Rodney - Week 5

  • theory @hexbear.net

    Imperialism Reading Group - How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, by Walter Rodney - Week 4

  • news @hexbear.net
    Locked

    Bulletins and News Discussion from August 18th to August 24th, 2025 - The French Colonial Linchpin - COTW: Ivory Coast

  • theory @hexbear.net

    Imperialism Reading Group - How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, by Walter Rodney - Week 3

  • news @hexbear.net
    Locked

    Bulletins and News Discussion from August 11th to August 17th, 2025 - Putin's World Tour

  • theory @hexbear.net

    Imperialism Reading Group - How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, by Walter Rodney - Week 2

  • news @hexbear.net
    Locked

    Bulletins and News Discussion from August 4th to August 10th, 2025 - The Siege of Al-Fashir

  • theory @hexbear.net

    Imperialism Reading Group - How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, by Walter Rodney - Week 1

  • news @hexbear.net
    Locked

    Bulletins and News Discussion from July 28th to August 3rd, 2025 - The Brief(?) Thailand-Cambodia Border War - COTW: Cambodia

  • news @hexbear.net
    Locked

    Bulletins and News Discussion from July 21st to July 27th, 2025 - Hydro On The Zangbo - COTW: China