The article identifies three levels at which obstacles arise: at the individual, community, and institutional levels. “At the individual level, there are often incentive problems between tenants and landlords, and there is a lack of knowledge about financing options or access to loans and subsidy programs. At the community level, inadequate infrastructure and misinformation, which are particularly prevalent in structurally weak regions, make participation difficult. Institutionally, excessive bureaucracy and historically grown inequalities prevent fair participation,” says Wussow.

“Many well-intentioned subsidy programs exacerbate existing inequalities instead of reducing them,” says Hoehnke. “Tax breaks do not benefit households that do not owe tax. Grid fees are passed on to all consumers, including those who cannot afford their own systems. And complex application procedures, for example for photovoltaic subsidies, deter precisely those who need support most urgently.”

Landlords, no shock here!