Many ways to do it. But that example where the best student scored a 60%. Everyone would get +40%. That's a Standard Curve method.
Personally, they didn't curve a lot of grades when I was in high school. It was more a college thing. A hard test that pushes the limit of your knowledge without being unfair.
But yes a grade can change afterwards for whatever reason the teacher wants. They could just throw on 10% if they felt generous. Definitely apparent when it's like a writing assignment without clear right or whole answers like math.
You could do all the work or none of it and it is up to them to say "pass" or "fail" by giving you a grade
After a test you could "round" the grades. Like if it was a very hard test and the highest grade was a 60%. You could round everyone's test up by 40%.
If you made a 0%, now you have a 40%. Everyone passes!
(Don't think this is too common, but plausible)
Teachers are "encouraged" to not fail any student by a lot of pressures.
You have to go above any beyond to fail high school. Trying hard and getting bad grades will generally get you enough to pass. Teachers will "work" with you.
Socialism. Production and distribution is owned by the community (government).
It has nothing to do with "Handouts". Or helping your neighbor really.
There is no redistribution of wealth. That is communism.
Socialism with handouts is communism.
You could have a completely Socialistic society that let's some of it's people starve because it benefits the majority.
A great example to look at socialism is the nazi party creating Volkswagen.
People in Germany needed an affordable car. They created the production and distribution of affordable cars, owned and operated by the controlling government party.
Now, you can debate all you want on if it was a good or bad idea.
Average German looking for simple affordable car? Probably would think it was a good idea.
Rich German looking for a Duesenberg? Probably hates the idea of Volkswagen and spending their tax dollars on it.
Poor German? They aren't getting a car anyways
A large government can easily have a monopoly on a good or service.
If that's a good or bad thing is debatable
For example, say America was 100% Socialistic.
Government would gain access to all satalites and towers and issue the Volkstelefon. Affordable phone and internet for everyone!
Sounds great?
Imagine if tomorrow Trump issued his phone in that style.
Probably not a good idea?
So why all the hate?
ELI5: Because socialism is not always the right answer just like capitalism isn't always the right answer.
I was not thanked for my attention in this matter