I use Linux on hardware older and less capable than yours, and usually the only real show-stopper I find is a lack of Vulkan support. I don't use any nVidia hardware, but my understanding is that older chips are supported decently by current Linux drivers. So I'd say you'll probably be fine.
As for ten years from now, it's uncommon for Linux software to remove features, and even if it happens, there's virtually always a way for you stay on an old version if you really need to, because there are no forced updates. If you're careful you can sometimes even keep the old versions of things for old software that needs it, while still having the latest version for software that can use it.
You reminded me of a story I recently read, where the author highlighted just how much awesome programming someone had done by describing how their hands were cramping up.
It's like estimating how well an artist paints by looking at how much paint is on their clothes, or judging how good a cook is by how many cuts and burns they have. The actions that cause those things are incidental to the process, not central, and an excessive amount points to incompetence, not hard and skillful work.