Balloon is filled with normal saline inside the bladder. A standard Foley is a double lumened tube, one with a balloon on the end and the other just ending in nothing. You fill the balloon once you insert it, then it holds it in the bladder, empty it when you want to remove it. Then on the open end you attach the bag and it's held on with friction. If you remove the bag the piss just goes on the floor.
Really though a sudden yank may pull the balloon before it pulls the bag that's being held on through friction and that's... Less than ideal. It really depends on how tight the bag is placed on. That balloon generally has a out 10 to 15mL of water and it will go through a urethra with enough force.
I wish LNG was that simple. Most of qatar LNG production comes from dedicated natural gas fields(the North field) but they also have quite a bit co-extracted with oil. That requires big facilities to compress it. Without them they'll just flare it like they did in the past and dump the CO2 right into the atmosphere with no gain.