Definitely possible -- check out emulatorjs. There are a few premade docker containers for it, but they were a bit finicky when I tried them. I eventually just ended up writing a react wrapper for it and have it hosted in a docker container. It works great, and will even play psx games without issue.
I ended up just making my own helper container for authelia. It can generate a link that expires after a set time and only allows a set number of users to access. Then I can just give the link to whoever I want to join and they can fill in their own username and pwd. It then adds them to the authelia user db with the correct groups and PW hashing. Only issue is I have to manually restart authelia for the changes to take effect. Eventually I want to see if I can automate that.
I'm still working on editing the configuration through the app though. I want to be able to change the access control rules, etc.
As far as having the services behind authelia automatically detect and login the user, that will depend on the service, but authelia does pass user credentials and login status in the request headers. Many of the services I host were created myself, so it's pretty trivial to have it automatically "log in" from the authelia sign on.
Another reason for the project was that I too wanted a desktop experience while also being being able to access remotely. I just didn't want to open any "scary" ports on my server lol. I can throw this whole thing behind 2fa and it's still completely isolated in a docker container, thus it has as much or as little privilege as I want.
I actually can ssh into my main server through this, if desired, without opening any ssh ports publicly.
e13n