It was also really weird that he compared Cyberpunk, as a setting, to a whole bunch of other media that are all older than Cyberpunk. Only Blade Runner predates it.
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The grease burns, leaving residu
And it turns out that elections have consequences beyond owning the libs
If you use order-of-magnitude rounding, 100 is the right number, depending on which two weeks you pick.
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Bloodplasma is mostly water, but blood is only about 55% plasma. Unsurprisingly, your blood actually has a LOT of stuff in it, like red blood cells.
Unless you want to count water in cells, but that would do the stuff that the spell doesn't do.
Boba IS tapioca
So... What are the bubbles then?
If each vote is a block in the chain them it is definitely recountable.
That's not what it means. With this system, you can't independently verify what happened. You can only also look at the blockchain and see that some hash has registered some vote.
But you don't know if that is actually true. You can't see if pushing the red button makes the red vote come out. You can manually count if you want, but the original billet doesn't exist, only a processed form of it on the blockchain.
If I get a reciept of my vote's hash in the chain, I can confirm it's being included.
Only THAT it's included. Otherwise you have something linking you to your vote, which is bad
That's not the first-owner problem. I'll try to explain in more detail. The problem arises when you're using the blockchain as a "reciept". You can only ever trace the ownership of the reciept, not the item it represents, without a trusted party.
- Say we made a blockchain that determines the ownership of all fluffy hats in the world. It starts at june 1st 2026. Lets just assume there's a trivial way to perfectly describe fluffy hats that we can put in a token. Or hell, pretend it's super complex, that changes nothing.
- You bought a fluffy hat in 2002, and made one for yourself in 2008. You own both, wearing one to bed when you go to sleep on may 31st, 2026.
- At 1 second past midnight, june 1st 2026, I make two tokens, one for each of your hats.
- I am now officially the first owner of those hats. You are suddenly a thief holding my property, even though it never left your head.
That's the first owner problem. Without a trusted source, there is no way to ensure the first owner in a blockchain is actually the owner under the current legal definition (as in, you made the hat from homespun wool, it's on your head right now). It gets even worse though, because I can even make tokens for nonexistent fluffy hats that haven't been made. As soon as someone makes it, i'm already the owner.
The ONLY application for a blockchain with a trustless system is if the entire property is directly on the blockchain, and that doesn't work.
I have a PhD, I know how research works. But the new for a new data distribution system isn't caused by a technological advancement, it's driven by social systems.
The usecases for blockchain technology are wellknown, and they are basicaly the antithesis of the technology itself. You need a massive breach of trusted institutions, while maintaining free, open and fast electronic communication throughout the network. You also need to solve the first-owner problem without introducing a trusted party, which is a huge issue in almost every practical application.
So yeah, it can be an unknown unknown, but it's one in the same way that research into moonratpoison has potential applications. Maybe something vastly unlikely happens, and then it'll be a good thing we have the tech.
Whereas voting with a piece of paper can be tracked and validated by a severely myopic 6 year old. And you can recount it. You can't "recount" a blockchain if that's your only source.
And if you do both, then why bother with the blockhain?
Also, if you have no trusted parties, you have a huge "First Owner" problem.
If we were to set up a blockchain to track the ownership of fluffy hats, what's to stop me from seeing your fluffy hat, and quickly registering it as mine?
OpenCerts does require institutions to be trusted partners, so this isn't permissionless. Why not just make the normal database searchable if it relies on trusting someone?
It's not that blockchain doesn't have any applications. It's just that it only solves problems in ways that are easier and better solved by other implementations. It's not that are no practical applications, it's that there aren't even any realistic theoretical applications.
Do brick or stone roads last longer than asphalt or concrete roads?
That's a solid "it depends". And in this case, it depends on the definition of "lasting" and the definition of "road".
Klinkers are near immortal, but they're laid on what we call a "street layer" of 3cm of compacted, specifically graded sand, on top of some 25cm of less expensive sand. That sand can shift, compress and ruin the stability of the bricks. That usually happens due to heavyweight transport, or external factors (settlement of the soil underneath, tree roots, etc). If you run just passenger cars in a suburban area on steady ground, it could last 50 years. If you supply your stores on a road like that, it's more like 10 years. But you can remove the brick, regrade/replace the sand and rebuild it from mostly the same bricks. Concrete bricks don't last as long, and they break more when removed/packaged/relaid, I don't really know the numbers.
Asphalt is different. Assuming we're talking about a road that could also be made in bricks, asphalt has a surface layer of some 3-5cm, then between 10 and 20 cm of underlayers in layers of around 5 or 6cm. Then some 20-30cm of gravel, and up to half a meter of sand. That top layer lasts something like 10 to 15 years, and it suffers most from frost/thaw, UV light, etc. You don't have to replace al of it at once though, you can patch it.
The underlayers generally fail due to traffic weight, but that can be 2, 3 or maybe even 4 cycles of surface layer replacement later. Generally, for busier (non high-way) roads, they replace the surface layer twice and the third time they do parts of the underlayers, or all of it, depending on damage. Asphalt can be 80 or 90% recycled though, but it takes quite a bit of heat (something like 3 to 6 cubic meters of gas for each ton of asphalt).
So, all in all, not all brick roads are equal, not all asphalt is equal. And "how it lasts" is a complex question too. It's also a tough comparison, because we generally don't build roads for the same purposes. If it's very busy, we usually don't use bricks.
Google was murdered when the CEO of advertising was made the CEO of search.
People these days dont realise that confidently incorrect people pre-exist facebook.
It's different though.
If you were a flat earther in 1982, you probably would have a weird self published "newspaper" by someone 4 times a year, and two or three books and no platform beyond literally shouting on the street at people who all considered you a moron.
Nowadays, if you're a crackpot, you can instantly find 17.000 other crackpots who will happily not just confirm your idiocy, but make up fake stories to support your bullshit ideas. They will also drag you along by pure crank magnetism into other bullshit. You can spread your bullshit far and wide, and since people are automatically served with similar content, you're even likely to find other idiots like you "in the wild", which is actually an algorithmic bubble.
Before, nobody you met in real life would agree with you. Nowadays, everyone you "meet" online agrees with you.
So yes, confidently incorrect people have always been there, but not in these numbers, and rarely to this level of confidence. That's why people react to vehemently, they rarely ever reach outside their bubble. Your ideas that the world is round aren't the general concept to them, they hear from flat earthers every single hour of the day.
No.
Or at least, not always. I'm in plenty of online groups with people who have shown their trustworthiness and expertise. They are people with a reputation.
My problem with it is that in Ye Olde Times before 2022, if you needed some info on, I dunno, amethist cutting blades, you joined the crystal geode cutting forum and maybe became a contributing member of the group.
Now, you ask chatGPT, and contribute nothing.
Oh yeah, klinkers (if they're baked clay) or the much less inspired sounding betonstraatstenen (concrete street stones) definitely have their benefits, but that video really skips over what a literally backbreaking job it is to pave a street like that, or how slippery these stones get when wet (less so for concrete or textured baked clay).
It's mandatory to do anything over 2 hours of bricklaying by machine now, but that requires packaged stone. And packaging stone is even worse than relaying it from a pile, so you end up loading it into a truck, shipping it off for packaging and then moving it back.
You can design around that, most of the time, but we haven't been doing that, so lots of handwork remains, which is not great for your health.
Of course, running asphalt over a street like this gets you the worst of both worlds, and its begging for potholes since the two materials match up really poorly. You do occasionally see it in the Netherlands on old roads on top of dikes that were "modernized" in the 70s and 80s.
(Edit: it's actually more a synergy of shittyness, because you can't really reuse most of the asphalt, because you don't brickdust in it, and you can't reuse the bricks because there's asphalt on them)
Source: am dutch, took a year of civil engineering, ended up doing lots of safety and regulatory stuff for roadworks.
He compared it to Human Revolution. When is the last time you heard anyone compare anything to Human Revolution???