What helped me a lot is to find a model (STEP file) of the printer you have and import that into whatever CAD program you prefer.
I found FreeCAD to be by far the most pleasant program to use. It is not even close. No accounts, no cloud , no subscriptions, no “AI”. None of that modern SAAS bullshit or enshittification. FreeCAD updates make it better instead of worse.
It is definitely not perfect but it is free and open source and the developers have done a really good job with this.
Anyway, once you’ve imported the model into CAD it becomes much much easier to design parts around it. You can find many models on sites like grabcad.com but you will need to make an account to download (urgh). Just fill in some random BS on a throwaway account and you’re fine though.














A thermistor is just a resistor that changes resistance based on temperature. All you need to do is hook up a multimeter and wiggle the cable. If the resistance is consistent then it’s fine physically.
Most hotends have an NTC 10k so at 25 degrees C the resistance is 10K ohms. The higher the temperature the lower the resistance will be.
If you have a different type it will need to be configured in your firmware as well.