A lot of people say that they do, but it's just an old wives tale/excuse to have loud pipes. There's no good data to back it up.
As a single data source, I've been riding electric bikes for 3-4 years now and have noticed no difference. Drivers did seem to get worse during/after COVID-19 and after the boom of texting and driving.
Then you should visit Colstrip, Montana or similar coal towns. The propaganda works very well when it's taught from before birth and everyone goes along even if they don't agree!
Do you know what happens to your tires when they go from new with full tread to smooth with no tread? Adding some plastic to the road will add very little and may actually reduce some pollution since road-tire interactions can convert some of those plastics/rubbers.
I drive an NA Miata, so I understand completely. People see me less in the Miata than on my motorcycle.
The Miata actually has loud pipes (that I didn't want) and it does not seem to make a difference. People try to merge into me all the freaking time!