Intriguingly, Garvey founded his (proto)fascist organization in 1917, even before Gabriele D’Annunzio seized Fiume, but so far I have seen no evidence to corroborate his bold claim that Benito Mussolini ‘copied’ from him. Given that the UNIA and PNF arose in similar circumstances, copying would hardly have been necessary, and I am deeply uncomfortable with the implication that a Black person was the root of Fascist atrocities.
https://sci-hub.ru/10.1017/CBO9780511617225.006
Intriguingly, Garvey founded his (proto)fascist organization in 1917, even before Gabriele D’Annunzio seized Fiume, but so far I have seen no evidence to corroborate his bold claim that Benito Mussolini ‘copied’ from him. Given that the UNIA and PNF arose in similar circumstances, copying would hardly have been necessary, and I am deeply uncomfortable with the implication that a Black person was the root of Fascist atrocities.