If you wonder why over here is forest while over there is a savannah biome, the deciding factor is fire. When you see an increase in forest fires, it's Mother Nature's way of saying forest, you don't belong here anymore. The climate is drying out too much.
Interestingly, trees themselves can go without water for longer than you might think. You may even see isolated conifers in a desert biome. They are not threatened by fire because there isn't enough biomass around them, and some of these trees can even grow to be among the oldest in the world.
Anyway, this is all stuff I remember from biogeography.
There is bounds checking, but it's opt-in. I often enable it on debug builds.