I know this post probably isn't the full story, but from what you've written, it your partner seems narcissistic and controlling. It sounds like they're unwilling or unable to extend you grace, or see things your way, but they expect you to conform to their needs.
I think it's pretty unreasonable for them to have a curfew for you, and even more unreasonable that they're angry about you being a half hour later than they assumed. (not to mention that you were literally at a group that you chose to go to specifically to be a better partner)
Also they get angry at you when you do the dishes, right after they told you to, even though they weren't sleeping? That's not normal behavior. A mature person would simply talk to you in the morning, not start a fight (I'm sure a fight has 10x the effect on sleep compared to distant sounds of running water for 5 mins) Even if sleep is really that important to them, it's unfair to expect you to tiptoe around them. Have they even tried white noise, or earplugs?
Like I said, that's not reasonable behavior. They didn't clearly communicate what they expected from you, and then got angry about it. Also, if you didn't do the dishes, I wonder if they would have been angry about that instead. From what you're describing, it sounds like you made a very reasonable decision. But even if you were in the wrong (I don't think you were), it's still partly on them– ND people tend to need more concrete, direct communication, and it doesn't sound like your partner is making an effort to communicate with you effectively
Really though, I can't imagine getting angry at someone for doing chores, unless it was super loud like vacuuming. It's not like doing dishes makes much noise.
Why does your partner expect you to bend over backward for them, when they are unwilling to do the same for you? Why are they expecting you to structure your whole life around them, when they aren't taking any steps to coexist with you? (If something as quiet as you doing dishes in the other room keeps them up, why aren't they using white noise and earplugs? You shouldn't be expected to try to match their sleep schedule)
Also, I still think it's a bit crazy that they expect you home by 9:00, and 30min late is inexcusable. I assume that I'm younger than you, but with my friends it's not uncommon to show up an hour late, and stay out until 1.