One of the most annoying things for me on Windows is when I close a Word file and want to open another one, if the one I closed is the last window then the entire program needs to restart which is very slow. On a Mac this never happens.
A) on windows that does not have to happen, that is a choice by the office developers. If they want they can instead close a window but still have a service running in the system tray that can bring them back up instantly. Famously stuff like Steam and Discord work like this ootb.
B) the alternative, is that on MacOS you either:
- close the last window, and accidentally leave an application running that chewing up memory for no reason
- think you're on the last window and go to explicitly close the application using Command Q, only to find out you still had another window open behind it or on another monitor that you needed, because MacOS provides no logical way of finding windows.
The MacOS dock literally just shows running applications, not windows.