I can't vouch for all East Asian countries, but in Japan, it's a matter of formality. When you meet someone, you always refer to them by their family name and an honorific. (Like we would say, "Mr. Smith.")
Once you start to get more friendly and familiar with an individual, you'll move on to more intimate honorifics, until you're allowed to call them by their direct first name, no honorifics. That's a sign that you're very close with someone.
It allows people to refer to you without being too direct and familiar until you've gotten to know them well. And you can tell what relationship two people have by what names they use to call each other. Heck, really close friends will probably make up nicknames for each other too.
When I was in the US military, it was kind of the same mentality. Everyone was referred to by rank and last name only. As you got to know someone of the same rank or lower than yours, you could refer to them by last name alone, no rank required. But only the closest of friends would refer to each other by first name.
Yeah, this has been my fear lately. As a kid in the '80s/'90s, I had high hopes for humanity. I loved space travel stories; read so many science fiction books, watched Star Trek/Star Wars, loved space films of all genres...
But lately, I'll be happy if we ever make it to Mars. The one person who had a dedicated mission to get a man on Mars turned out to be a self-destructing billionaire sociopath who seems to have abandoned that dream for political meddling aspirations instead.
If we can get capitalism out of the way, humanity might have a chance at bouncing back. But as long as a few powerful elites maintain control over society, our hopes and dreams will forever be redirected toward financial gains until the collapse of society.
On the plus side, even Rome, the most stable and advanced civilization outside of our own, eventually collapsed. Humanity survived and eventually went on to thrive once again, doing even better this time. By the historical timeline of the birth and death of civilizations, America is long overdue for a collapse. Maybe we're about to see a global change that will reset our predicament and give us another chance to succeed. If we can learn from our past.