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Cake day: 2024年11月10日

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  • The article said till 1961. Concerning neonatal and infant care, the 1960s was the time when infant mortality started to drop. The article stated that the infant mortality in these homes was double the avarage infant mortality. If you take into account that the babies were separated from their mothers after birth, this is a pretty good result. If the infants had been neglected, you’d exspect a much higher mortality rate.

    Regarding disposing of dead babies in septic tanks – that depends. Stillborn babies were not considered human remains until very recently, and disposed of as biological waste all over the world.



  • They did not use coal back then – I’m not sure whether it was even known to the Mediterranean culture. Forests were plundered for shipbuilding. Crude oil was only available as naphtha in the Middle East, barely enough for the local fishermen to pitch there boats and for the Byzantines to use in their flamethrowers. Furthermore, crude oil was not used in steam engines — you cannot shovel a heep of oil under a kettle. Fuel existed, yes, but they had no access to it.

    All it would have needed is fixing the steam exhaust and have it drive a shoveled wheel.

    So a completely different machine? Shoveled wheels were invented centuries after Heron. Even if they played with such a setup – an open, non-pressurized turbine has no usable power. To use steam, you’ll have to pressurize it, and the technology to tame high pressure was only developed to build cannons that do not burst.

    In the history of the steam engine, the fuel supply was available before the engine. IIRC, Watt’s incentive for the invention of the steam engine was the need to drain coal mines.




  • That’s a terrible ineffective method, and a waste of water.

    Fill one sink with hot water + soup, put as much dishes in it as possible to soak them, and fill the other sink with fresh hot water. Clean one dish after another, preferably with a brush (you’ll burn your hands using a sponge), rinse them in the clean water, and put them on the dryer.

    If you do not have a second sink, use a tub for either purpose.

    And yes, the water will get dirty and cool over time, and you’ll have to switch if you’ve got too much dishes.

    Of course, if you’re only cleaning a plate and a knife and perhaos a glas, using just the tap is far more efficient.



  • The motivation was to protect women, who became pregnant outside of marriage, from becoming outcasts, and giving their children a chance of survival.

    A woman who became pregnant outside of marriage in these times had three choices:

    • illegal abortion, with a high risk of death, infertility and imprisonment
    • giving birth and face a life as social outcast for herself and her child
    • “repent”, go to a nunnery, give birth there, give up the child who would be raised in an orphanage, and return to society. As a bonus they often got some education in these “homes for fallen maidens”, at least in my country.

    By the way – a 15 % infant mortality rate sounds terrible to us moderners, but according to the article this was only double the normal infant mortality! This is a very good survival rate for new borns and infants who lost their mothers — this was the age before baby formula diet and antibiotics. We should honour these nuns for saving 85 % of the children rather than bashing them for only having the knowledge and tools of their age.


  • Der Stab wird natürlich nicht in einer Stabilen Umlaufbahn abgeworfen, sondern so, dass sich die Gravitation ans Werk machen kann. Also Abbremsen, Abwerfen, Stabilisieren, und nochmal von vorne mit dem nächsten Stab.

    D.h. ich würde die Masse des kompleten Satelliten abbremsen, um einen Stab abzuwerfen, dann die komplette Masse des Satelliten beschleunigen, und das mehrfach hintereinander, statt einfach nur die einzelnen Stäbe abzubremsen? Wo liegt da der Vorteil, außer Umsatz für die Treibstoffhersteller?