With homelessness becoming increasingly illegal, they'll die in some kind of work gulag... sorry, "freedom" camp.
That's what a control group is. All participants are given the information upfront about the study parameters, called informed consent. Participants can leave a study at anytime. No one forced them to participate.
It's demographic terminology. Total Fertility rate (or TFR) simply refers to the number of births per woman in a given population.
Only Alberta thinks it has any value. The extraction costs mean the profit margins are razor thin- even the US knows it's a wasted investment.
A literal carrot would be an improvement over the current orange tyrant.