The Niagara Movement was a civil rights group organized by W.E.B. Du Bois and William Monroe Trotter in 1905. After being denied admittance to hotels in Buffalo, New York, the group of twenty-nine business owners, teachers, and clergy who comprised the initial meeting gathered at Niagara Falls, Ontario (Canada) from which the group’s name derives.

The principles behind the Niagara Movement were largely in opposition to Booker T. Washington’s philosophy of Accommodationism. Trotter, editor of the Boston Guardian, had publicly reprimanded Washington at a Boston, Massachusetts meeting in 1903. In The Souls of Black Folk (1903), Du Bois had also condemned Washington for his lowered expectations for African Americans. The Niagara Movement drafted a “Declaration of Principles,” part of which stated: “We refuse to allow the impression to remain that the Negro-American assents to inferiority, is submissive under oppression and apologetic before insults.”

The Niagara Movement attempted to bring about legal change, addressing the issues of crime, economics, religion, health, and education. The movement stood apart from other black organizations at the time because of its powerful, unequivocal demand for equal rights. The Niagara Movement forcefully demanded equal economic and educational opportunity as well as the vote for black men and women. Members of the Niagara Movement sent a powerful message to the entire country through their condemnation of racial discrimination and their call for an end to segregation.

While the movement had grown to include to 170 members in 34 states by 1906, it also encountered difficulties. W.E.B. Du Bois supported the inclusion of women in the Niagara Movement, William Monroe Trotter did not. Trotter left the movement in 1908 to start his own group, the Negro-American Political League.

The Niagara Movement met annually until 1908. In that year a major race riot broke out in Springfield, Illinois. Eight blacks were killed and over 2,000 African Americans fled the city. Symbolically important because it was the first northern race riot in four decades and because it was in the hometown of Abraham Lincoln, black and white activists, including members of the Niagara Movement, felt a new more powerful, interracial organization was now needed to combat racism. Out of this concern, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was formed. The Niagara Movement was considered the precursor to the NAACP and many of its members, such as W.E.B. Du Bois, were among the new organization’s founders.

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  • Yanqui_UXO [any]@hexbear.net
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    50 minutes ago

    Kids are something these days.

    I was visiting a relatively small town today, just a place I’ve never been to before, having a look around. Three boys approach me, 10yo or so, one says: “Sir, can we talk?” I say “No, sorry” and start walking away (y talk to kids without their parents around, I thought; also just weird request, I thought they’d either try to sell me something or ask for money). The boy follows me though, says: “Why are you taking pictures of us?”. Me (now puzzled): “I’m not”. Him: “I saw you with your phone camera”. Mind you, I’m at a picturesque park, and I WAS taking pictures. But now I’m realizing they’re not after my money or about to convert me into some religion. So I explain to him that I’m a tourist, so yea, I’m taking pictures, but not of them. He looks suspiciously at me still, so I offer him to look at the pictures I’d taken and if they find themselves there, I would delete them. And so there we are, these three small dudes and I, looking through my phone’s photos. Not a single trace of them there, I’m not a bad photographer. They say sorry and walk away.

    What even is this. First time this happened to me.

  • The first swim in a lake this summer. Took me a long ass time to get out of my winter fur this year as it’s been so chilly, but today it definitely wasn’t so we went for an evening swim.

    It’s just so nice and relaxing. wholesome

  • ShimmeringKoi [comrade/them]@hexbear.net
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    3 hours ago

    I just had one of those rare moments where you make a sandwich so good it’s actually life-affirming. Eating this sandwich has healed a small but noticeable amount of psychic damage

  • PorkrollPosadist [he/him, they/them]@hexbear.netM
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    4 hours ago

    I’ve been a bum for the past couple weeks and haven’t been riding my bike. Got back on the horse today and worked up a good sweat. Also found the time to clean my rims and scrub them with emery paper. My breaks went from sounding like a neglected public transit bus to silence.

  • dumpster_dove [he/him]@hexbear.net
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    4 hours ago

    When American soldiers invaded Iraq, they were flabbergasted by the sight of railroads “people travel in wagons on metal bars? Together?? How can they afford it??” They had never seen a train before 😂🤣😆

  • LanyrdSkynrd [comrade/them, any]@hexbear.net
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    4 hours ago

    Exclusive offer for Hexbear users. Invest in my startup:

    Our b2c product will use AI and Big Data to precisely answer the question, “Who farted?”.

    Our patented new technology uses microphones that are always listening for flatulence. We use audio fingerprinting to identify the offending person, and a speaker announces their name. You will no longer need to have smelt it to know who dealt it!

    On our roadmap we expect in Q3 to develop scent fingerprinting for those pesky “silent but deadly” farts.

    Get in on the ground floor of my new tech company today and never be blamed for someone else’s stinker!

  • peppersky [he/him, any]@hexbear.net
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    3 hours ago

    Man I so hate the fact that I searched for a new place for three years, found one that was cheap and had seemingly chill roommates and now I just feel more sad and lonely than I ever felt at the old shitty place. Like sure the last place was shittier and more expensive and I kinda hated my roommates, but at least there I didn’t want to hang out with them and I had a cat to cuddle with. Here is hurts that my roommates seemingly just aren’t interested at all in doing stuff and I just feel like a total fucking loser for wanting to do stuff with them but I so don’t feel like having to beg to hang out and feeling like everything gets initiated by me.

    • peppersky [he/him, any]@hexbear.net
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      2 hours ago

      why do i have to beg for even an ounce of human interaction, what kind of social ubermensch would i need to be to not be lonely as all hell. i love how the continuing and never-ending housing crisis has made it so that even people who don’t actually want to live together with other people need to have roommates, leaving me with fucking assholes who sure can pretend to want to be roommates when they get to know you, but then nonchalantly tell you that the happiest time they’ve ever spent in the shared apartment that they’ve lived in for five years were the three months that they lived in it alone. like ok you’ve got a girlfriend you are at every weekend ok then move in together just get the fuck away and let someone else move in who might feel more like actually living together who doesn’t see this giant shared space as anything other than a cheap place to shower and sleep.

      and then people tell you to not to care about romantic relationships too much, when its clear those are the only relationships that are ever allowed to last. i dont want to plan my life alone. i do not want to make every decision alone. i do not want all my relationships to be temporary. i do not want to be a single social atom floating around in the emptiness that is “there is no such thing as society” society we live in. i want to go home and find somebody there who cares for me. i want somebody to tell me they want me, i want somebody to tell me they want me.

      that is not a weird thing to want. that is not a special thing to want. that is a very normal human thing to want and a very normal thing to be sad about not having.

  • rhubarb [he/him]@hexbear.net
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    5 hours ago

    Master schemer characters are fun and all, but petty schemers are just so much better. If you need a successful schemer in your story, please make them very lucky instead of some mastermind.